Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Symptoms

Signs of oppositional defiant disorder in children are usually apparent before the age eight. Behaviors may occur most with people the child knows well, such as family members or care providers. These behaviors are frequent, not age appropriate, and cause significant issues at school, at home, and/or with peers.

• Losing one’s temper often.
• Frequent arguing with adults or refusing to comply with adults’ rules or requests.
• Often getting angry or being resentful or vindictive.
• Deliberately annoying others; easily becoming annoyed with others.
• Often blaming other people for one’s own mistakes or misbehavi

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The Effect of ADHD from Childhood to Adulthood.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, debilitating disorder which may impact upon many aspects of an individual’s life, including academic difficulties, social skills problems, and strained parent-child relationships. Whereas it was previously thought that children eventually outgrow ADHD, recent studies suggest that 30–60% of affected individuals continue to show significant symptoms of the disorder into adulthood. Children with the disorder are at greater risk for longer term negative outcomes, such as lower educational and employment attainment. A vital consideration in the effective treatment of ADHD is how the disorder affects the daily lives of children, young people, and their families. Indeed, it is not sufficient to merely consider ADHD symptoms during school hours—a thorough examination of the disorder should take into account the functioning and well being of the entire family.

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Trust Issues

As an adult, traumatic life events such as an accident, illness, theft of or damage to personal property, or loss of a loved one may lead to issues with trusting others and feeling safe and secure. Being physically violated or attacked, as in the case of rape or assault, is likely to dramatically impact a person’s trust in the goodness of others. Veterans of military combat may also experience difficulty trusting others following the stresses of wartime violence. And within a committed relationship, being cheated on, or left for another will often lead to the development of trust issues.

Post traumatic Stress, which results from a person’s exposure to severe danger or perceived danger, can lead a previously healthy person to experience tremendous difficulty with trust. People may experience and re-experience the trauma in their minds, along with the associated anxiety, and often go to great lengths to create a feeling of safety, sometimes isolating themselves from others or becoming overly dependent.

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